Lynn sharpened her business writing skills at the University of Notre Dame, where she earned a master's degree in communication, and at Bradley University, with a bachelor's degree in English. She has created a communications course, Business Writing That Builds Relationships, and provides the curriculum at no cost to college instructors.Ī recognized expert in business writing etiquette, Lynn has been quoted in "The Wall Street Journal," "The Atlantic," "Vanity Fair," and other media. Near her home in Seattle, Washington, she has taught managerial communications in the MBA programs of the University of Washington and UW Bothell. In her corporate training career of more than 20 years, she has worked with executives, engineers, scientists, sales staff, and many other professionals, helping them get their messages across with clarity and tact.Ī gifted teacher, Lynn has led writing classes at more than 100 companies and organizations such as MasterCard, Microsoft, Boeing, Nintendo, REI, AARP, Ledcor, and Kaiser Permanente. Lynn Gaertner-Johnston has helped thousands of employees and managers improve their business writing skills and confidence through her company, Syntax Training. No more stressing over which hyphenated words should be capitalized in a title! Just stress once, decide, and record your decision. If you had not already recognized the value of a style sheet, these examples make a strong case for creating one. I've illustrated my decision in this made-up title: "Well-to-Do Not Doing So Well." Chicago guided me with its rule: "Lowercase to not only as a preposition but also as part of an infinitive ( to Run, to Hide, etc.)." When I typed Upper-Class, I instantly thought about well-to-do and wondered how I would capitalize it in a title. (Note: If they were prepositions, they would lead to a noun or a pronoun, as in "A Song in My Head" or "I Heard It on the Radio.")Īlso following the rules above, these examples would all be capitalized in titles: In the list above, up, in, on, off, and out are adverbs–not prepositions. Microsoft and Gregg would capitalize flat and sharp if they appeared in a title (unlike Rule 2).īeyond that, all three capitalize the first and last word of a title.Ĭonsidering those rules, these hyphenated words would all be correctly capitalized in titles:.They would both capitalize all words in Anti-Intellectual Pursuits. Microsoft and Gregg do not follow Rule 3 above.Gregg capitalizes prepositions (and conjunctions) of four or more letters. Chicago capitalizes no prepositions of any length except when "they are used adverbially or adjectivally" or when "they compose part of a Latin expression used adjectivally or adverbially." Microsoft capitalizes prepositions that are five or more letters.Microsoft Manual of Style and The Gregg Reference Manual agree with Chicago–with these exceptions: Capitalize the second element in a hyphenated spelled-out number ( twenty-one or twenty-first, etc.) or hyphenated simple fractions ( two-thirds in two-thirds majority). If the first element is merely a prefix or combining form that could not stand by itself as a word ( anti, pre, etc.), do not capitalize the second element unless it is a proper noun or proper adjective.Capitalize any subsequent elements unless they are articles, prepositions, coordinating conjunctions ( and, but, for, or, nor), or such modifiers as flat or sharp following musical key symbols.The Chicago Manual of Style has simplified its capitalization rules in its most recent (17th) edition. Chicago, Microsoft, and Gregg specifically address hyphenated compounds.
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